Post Pandemic Workplace Implications for Female Leaders

A Systematic Review of Stereotype Threat within Video Conferencing

Abstract

​A significant body of research has documented the effect to which stereotype threat can be triggered by both the physical environment and by the use of various technology media. However, there is a dearth of research exploring the relationship between stereotype threat, defined here as “the concrete, real-time threat of being judged and treated poorly in settings where a negative stereotype about one’s group applies” (Steele, Spencer & Aronson, 2002, p.385), and video conferencing software features - specifically virtual backgrounds. This literature review suggested that this feature might, in certain circumstances, negatively affect the performance of groups not stereotypically associated with leadership roles. The review considered the use of video conferencing virtual backgrounds in order to discern if background images evoking gendered stereotypes of leadership can cue stereotype threat in female technology workers undertaking a leadership activity, thus negatively effecting performance. The review examined the relationship between performance on the leadership activity and exposure to gendered backgrounds on a video conference call, and the findings are applicable across organizations and higher education (HE) contexts. From this study situated in organizational workplaces, it can be argued that the issue of stereotype threat due to virtual backgrounds is also likely to exist in higher education contexts. Particularly since across many HE disciplines, instructors have adopted the use of video in instructional settings including face-to-face classrooms, blended learning environments, and online courses. Recommendations from the systematic literature review were provided for corporations and management professionals and can be extended to higher education institutions, with suggested amendments to support improved staff training and professional development outcomes.​